Q1. What is the main goal of sustainable development?

A. Increase waste generation B. Stop all economic activity C. Maximize extraction of natural resources D. Meet present needs while conserving resources for future generations

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Sustainable development balances development with resource conservation and the needs of future generations.

Q2. Which set contains the three important components of sustainable development?

A. Mining, transport and trade B. Population, urbanization and consumerism C. Economic development, community development and environmental protection D. Military, political and industrial development

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation identifies economic development, community development and environmental protection.

Q3. Inter-generational equity means:

A. Using resources before they become unavailable B. Protecting resources so future generations can use them C. Giving priority to industrial growth D. Fair sharing of resources among people living today only

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Inter-generational equity focuses on protecting nature and resources for future generations.

Q4. Which is an example of intra-generational equity?

A. Replacing public transport with private cars B. Increasing consumption regardless of need C. Sharing development benefits fairly among people living today D. Saving all resources for the future only

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Intra-generational equity concerns fair sharing of resources and development among people today.

Q5. What does the 3R principle stand for?

A. Recover, Repair, Replace B. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle C. Reduce, Remove, Rebuild D. Reuse, Restore, Return

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The 3R principle is Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.

Q6. Which resource is renewable when managed carefully?

A. Natural gas B. Petroleum C. Coal D. Solar energy

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Solar energy is renewable, unlike coal, petroleum and natural gas.

Q7. An ecological footprint mainly measures:

A. Resource use and waste associated with a lifestyle or population B. The number of species in a forest C. The depth of groundwater only D. The amount of rainfall in a year

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The slide describes ecological footprint as a measure of resource use and waste, often expressed as required land area.

Q8. What is biocapacity?

A. The amount of plastic recycled each day B. The total number of people in a city C. Nature's ability to provide resources and absorb waste D. Energy consumed by a factory

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Biocapacity represents nature's ability to regenerate resources and absorb waste.

Q9. Urbanization is the movement of people mainly from:

A. Urban areas to villages B. Coastal areas to deserts only C. Rural areas to urban areas D. Cities to forests

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation defines urbanization as movement from rural areas to urban areas for services and opportunities.

Q10. Urban sprawl refers to:

A. The spread of a city into suburban or rural areas B. The compact development of city centres only C. The growth of forests around a city D. The reduction of all urban infrastructure

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Urban sprawl is the spreading of cities into suburban or rural areas.

Q11. Which action can reduce urban energy consumption?

A. Using public transportation B. Increasing individual car use C. Keeping lights on continuously D. Replacing solar energy with coal

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation recommends public transport and renewable energy to reduce urban energy demand.

Q12. Water conservation is the process of:

A. Saving water for future use B. Preventing rainfall C. Increasing water wastage D. Removing all groundwater

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Water conservation means saving water for future utilization.

Q13. Which factor increases the need for water conservation?

A. Increasing agricultural and industrial activities B. Reduced population everywhere C. Declining demand from agriculture D. Elimination of domestic water use

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Agriculture, industry, better lifestyles and population growth increase freshwater demand.

Q14. In rainwater harvesting, the catchment is used to:

A. Disinfect all sewage B. Measure air pollution C. Collect rainwater falling on a surface D. Pump water into the atmosphere

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The catchment collects rainwater, commonly from rooftops or other suitable surfaces.

Q15. What is the purpose of the first-flush arrangement in rainwater harvesting?

A. To add salts to collected water B. To flush away the first spell of rainwater C. To increase evaporation D. To heat the water

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The flush arrangement diverts the first spell of rain, which may carry accumulated dirt and pollutants.

Q16. Which component removes pollutants from collected rainwater?

A. Conveyance pipe B. Filter C. Recharge shaft only D. Catchment

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The filter is used to filter collected rainwater and remove pollutants.

Q17. Which is a main technique of rainwater harvesting?

A. Increasing runoff into streets B. Storage of rainwater for future use C. Discharging sewage into rivers D. Removing vegetation from watersheds

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation lists surface storage and groundwater recharge as the two main techniques.

Q18. A major objective of rainwater harvesting is to:

A. Increase soil erosion B. Raise the water table by groundwater recharge C. Increase saline-water intrusion D. Lower the groundwater table

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Rainwater harvesting can recharge groundwater and raise the water table.

Q19. Which is a possible limitation of rainwater harvesting?

A. Rainfall may be insufficient or unpredictable B. It cannot reduce runoff C. It requires no maintenance D. It always provides unlimited water

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Rainwater availability depends on rainfall, and systems require maintenance and adequate storage.

Q20. A watershed is a land area from which water drains into:

A. Only underground mines B. Only the sea through artificial pipes C. A city sewage plant only D. A stream, lake, reservoir or other surface-water body

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: A watershed or drainage basin collects water that drains under gravity to a common water body.

Q21. Which activity can degrade a watershed?

A. Contour farming B. Rainwater harvesting C. Planting trees D. Deforestation and overgrazing

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation identifies overgrazing, deforestation, mining and construction as factors that degrade watersheds.

Q22. Which is an objective of watershed management?

A. Increase the risk of floods B. Remove all vegetation C. Increase soil erosion D. Raise groundwater levels and reduce runoff erosion

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Watershed management conserves land and water, raises groundwater and helps control erosion and hazards.

Q23. Resettlement refers to:

A. Relocating people from an affected area B. Recycling electronic waste C. Restoring a river's flow D. Planting trees in a forest

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Resettlement is the relocation of people affected by projects, disasters or urban expansion.

Q24. Rehabilitation after displacement primarily aims to:

A. Prevent affected people from participating B. Restore livelihoods, income and living standards C. Replace compensation with no support D. Remove access to basic services

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Rehabilitation focuses on restoring livelihoods and living standards after displacement.

Q25. Which is a key component of resettlement and rehabilitation?

A. Reducing access to healthcare B. Livelihood restoration through skills and employment support C. Withholding compensation D. Removing community facilities

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation lists compensation, housing, livelihood restoration, community development and legal support.

Q26. The greenhouse effect involves greenhouse gases that:

A. Stop Earth's rotation B. Prevent all sunlight from reaching Earth C. Trap some outgoing heat in the atmosphere D. Remove oxygen from oceans directly

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit outgoing infrared radiation, warming the lower atmosphere.

Q27. Which gas is identified in the presentation as the most important greenhouse gas?

A. Oxygen B. Nitrogen C. Carbon dioxide D. Argon

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation identifies CO₂ as the most important greenhouse gas in its discussion.

Q28. One possible effect of global warming is:

A. Sea-level rise due to melting ice and thermal expansion B. Permanent elimination of rainfall C. A universal increase in crop yields D. A complete stop to evaporation

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The slides describe sea-level rise, changing rainfall patterns and potential harm to crops and forests.

Q29. Normal rainwater is slightly acidic mainly because rain dissolves:

A. Oxygen B. Carbon dioxide C. Helium D. Hydrogen gas only

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation states that dissolved atmospheric CO₂ makes normal rain slightly acidic, around pH 5–5.6.

Q30. Acid rain is associated with atmospheric pollutants such as:

A. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides B. Hydrogen and helium C. Water vapour alone D. Only oxygen and argon

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides contribute to acid rain formation.

Q31. The ozone layer is concentrated mainly in the:

A. Ocean floor B. Troposphere at ground level C. Earth's crust D. Stratosphere

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation locates the ozone layer in the stratosphere, roughly 10–50 km above sea level.

Q32. Why is the ozone layer important?

A. It prevents all weather changes B. It protects living organisms from harmful ultraviolet radiation C. It removes all carbon dioxide D. It creates all the oxygen on Earth

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Stratospheric ozone absorbs much of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.

Q33. A harmful consequence of ozone-layer depletion is increased risk of:

A. Groundwater recharge B. Soil fertility in every region C. Skin cancer from UV exposure D. Rainwater harvesting

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The slides note that increased UV exposure can cause skin cancer and eye damage such as cataracts.

Q34. A nuclear accident can release:

A. Only harmless water vapour B. Only biodegradable waste C. Radioactive materials and radiation D. Only oxygen

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation explains that nuclear accidents may release large amounts of energy and radioactive products.

Q35. Nuclear holocaust refers to:

A. A natural increase in forest cover B. A groundwater recharge method C. Destruction of biodiversity and environments by nuclear weapons D. Recycling nuclear equipment

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation describes nuclear holocaust as destruction of biodiversity by nuclear equipment and bombs.

Q36. Waste-land reclamation by drainage is especially useful for:

A. Ozone depletion B. Waterlogged soil C. Acid rain formation D. Population ageing

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Artificial drainage removes excess water and is used to reclaim waterlogged soil.

Q37. Leaching is used in reclamation of salt-affected soil to:

A. Remove salts by applying excess water B. Increase soil waterlogging permanently C. Increase plastic waste D. Add more salt to the soil

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Leaching removes soluble salts from salt-affected soil using excess water.

Q38. Consumerism is related to:

A. The natural flow of rivers B. Consumption of resources by people C. Only conservation of forests D. The formation of the ozone layer

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation defines consumerism as people's consumption of resources, influenced by population and lifestyle.

Q39. Which item is an example of e-waste?

A. Used mobile phones and computer printers B. Fallen leaves C. Rainwater D. Untreated timber only

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation lists computers, printers, mobile phones and calculators as electronic equipment that can become e-waste.

Q40. Which Indian law focuses on prevention and control of air pollution?

A. Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 B. Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 C. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 D. Water Act, 1974 only

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation identifies the Air Act of 1981 and the role of pollution control boards.

Q41. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 aims to:

A. Maintain and restore water sources and prevent/control water pollution B. Regulate family planning only C. Control wildlife trade D. Control electronic waste only

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The Water Act is presented as addressing the prevention and control of water pollution.

Q42. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 empowers the central government to set standards for:

A. Only school curricula B. Only road traffic C. Air, water, soil and noise quality D. Only crop prices

Check Answer

Correct Answer: C   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation says the Act empowers the central government to set environmental quality standards and safeguards for hazardous substances.

Q43. The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 primarily aims to:

A. Regulate consumer warranties B. Encourage deforestation C. Promote urban sprawl D. Arrest deforestation and protect forest land

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation describes the Forest Conservation Act as aiming to arrest deforestation.

Q44. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 provides for:

A. Regulation of family size only B. Control of urban electricity prices C. Rainwater storage only D. Protection of listed species and ecologically important protected areas

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The Act provides for protection of specified animals, birds and plants and protected areas.

Q45. An effective way to create environmental awareness is to:

A. Restrict all public information B. Ignore local environmental issues C. Avoid environmental education D. Use schools, colleges and mass media for education

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation recommends environmental education and media such as TV, radio and networks.

Q46. Population density means the:

A. Average rainfall per person B. Number of individuals per unit area C. Number of births in a country per decade D. Number of species in an ecosystem

Check Answer

Correct Answer: B   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Population density is the number of individuals in a population per unit area.

Q47. Population growth is influenced by the difference between:

A. Birth rate and death rate B. Urban and rural land area C. Imports and exports D. Rainfall and evaporation

Check Answer

Correct Answer: A   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation explains population growth as resulting from the difference between birth and death rates.

Q48. Demographic transition describes population change associated with:

A. The recycling of electronic devices B. Only changes in ocean temperature C. The formation of acid rain D. Economic development and falling birth and death rates

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The slides describe demographic transition as birth and death rates falling with improved living conditions.

Q49. The main purpose of family planning programmes is to help couples:

A. Eliminate public education B. Avoid all healthcare services C. Increase water pollution D. Choose the number and spacing of children with information and services

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: Family planning provides educational and clinical services on birth spacing, birth control and health care.

Q50. Which statement about HIV is correct according to the presentation?

A. HIV spreads through casual handshakes B. HIV and AIDS mean exactly the same thing C. A person can determine HIV status from appearance alone D. HIV attacks helper T cells (CD4 cells) and weakens immune defence

Check Answer

Correct Answer: D   |   Marks: 1

Explanation: The presentation states that HIV attacks CD4 helper T cells and that testing is needed to know infection status.